ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE EXTERNAL EAR CANAL AND TYMPANIC MEMBRANE IN DOGS

Ultrasonographic imaging of the canine external ear canal, tympanic membrane, and tympanic bulla was described in five healthy beagle dogs before and after infusion of saline into the ear canal. Saline served as an acoustic window. With this method, the external ear canal, and tympanic bulla were visible in the same imaging plane and the integrity of the tympanic membrane could be evaluated indirectly by confirming an intact tympanic membrane, which appeared at the end of the ear canal as a hyperechoic line with reverberation. Experimentally, perforated tympanic membrane could be evaluated by identifying anechoic saline in the tympanic bulla lumen. The air and fluid-filled tympanic bulla were also visualized. Ultrasonography with saline as an acoustic window appears to be helpful for the evaluation of the external ear canal, tympanic membrane, and tympanic bulla and it may have the potential to be a useful clinical tool in evaluation of integrity of the tympanic membrane.     

哺乳动物精清诱导排卵活性蛋白质研究

在动物的精清里包含一些与动物生殖生理活动密切相关的活性蛋白和多肽。驼科动物的双峰驼、美洲驼、羊驼和澳洲考拉等哺乳动物精清中含有类似促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)作用的活性蛋白质,诱导排卵因子(ovulation inducing factor,OIF),它能引发外周血液中促黄体素(LH)峰浓度的出现和诱发母畜排卵。OIF被认为是一种新的生物活性蛋白质或潜在的新型激素。甚至报道在牛等自发排卵动物以及人精清中也存在类似的活性蛋白。这类因子的发现对于哺乳动物生殖生理及繁殖的深入研究具有重要的意义,有助于动物克服繁殖障碍及繁殖疾病的治疗等。     

哺乳动物精清诱导排卵活性蛋白质研究

在动物的精清里包含一些与动物生殖生理活动密切相关的活性蛋白和多肽.驼科动物的双峰驼、美洲驼、羊驼和澳洲考拉等哺乳动物精清中含有类似促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)作用的活性蛋白质,诱导排卵因子(ovulation inducing factor,OIF),它能引发外周血液中促黄体素(LH)峰浓度的出现和诱发母畜排卵.OIF被认为是一种新的生物活性蛋白质或潜在的新型激素.甚至报道在牛等自发排卵动物以及人精清中也存在类似的活性蛋白.这类因子的发现对于哺乳动物生殖生理及繁殖的深入研究具有重要的意义,有助于动物克服繁殖障碍及繁殖疾病的治疗等.     

The Application and Research Progress of Chicken Embryo and Avian Cell Lines in Biomedicine

Chicken embryo has long been an important experimental model in basic and applied science because of its clear development process,especially in the early development of chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane stage,due to its abundant blood vessels,it is a natural immunodeficiency host and can be used as an ideal experimental model for pathology,pharmacology and oncology research.The authors briefly described the tissue structure of early stage of chicken embryo,the application of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model in tumor,angiogenesis,organ transplantation,burn and other diseases,and the application of anti-cancer drug screening based on the pathological model of chicken embryo.The advances in the application of chicken embryo and avian cell lines in virus reproduction,vaccine production,therapeutic protein production and monoclonal antibody production were reviewed.A variety of human viruses,avian viruses and mycoplasma can proliferate in chicken embryos and avian cell lines and be used in vaccine production.In this paper,the development and characteristics of commonly used avian fibroblasts and pluripotent stem cells were described,and the source of commercial avian cell lines and some susceptible viruses were summarized.Chicken embryo expression system can produce human glycosylates at specific sites of target proteins,reduce the allergic reaction of the target protein to human,and poultry eggs are cheap and easily available,so it can be used as a suitable donor for the production of human monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic proteins.In this paper,the recent progress in the application of chicken embryos and avian cell lines in the field of biomedicine was introduced,and the future application of chicken embryos as animal models was forecasted.     

五龙鹅早期血浆总蛋白质消长规律与成分研究

本试验选用五龙鹅蛋用系与快长系各150只进行网床育肥试验,测定血浆总蛋白质含量,并进行PAGE电泳。结果显示:初生雏鹅血浆总蛋白质含量较高,随着日龄(1~90 d)增加呈先下降后升高趋势,以对数函数和抛物线函数分段拟合效果较佳,R2为0.9445、0.9568;血浆总蛋白质含量在性别间差异不显著,品系间差异显著。PAGE电泳结果表明:血浆中蛋白质种类在品系、性别间没有差异,随日龄的增加亦没有条带变化。清蛋白含量的变化是引起血浆总蛋白质含量变化的主要因素。     

内毒素对兔红细胞膜磷脂含量的影响及阳离子A对其的拮抗效应

利用高效液相色谱法分别测定正常对照组（Ⅰ组）、内毒素组（Ⅱ组）和内毒素＋阳离子A拮抗组（Ⅲ组）中兔红细胞膜磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）、磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）和磷脂酰肌醇（PI）含量。结果显示，Ⅱ组中除PE在处理后0．5h没有明显变化外（P〉0．05），PC、PE、PS、PI含量在0，5、1、3、5、7h均低于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05，P〈0．01）；而Ⅲ组中除PS、PE和PI在处理后0．5h、PC在1h、PI在3h没有明显变化外（P〉0．05），整个时间段中上述4种磷脂的含量均高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。可见，内毒素能使兔红细胞膜磷脂含量降低，而阳离子A在一定程度上具有对内毒素的拮抗作用和对红细胞膜的保护效应。     

Guided bone regeneration with beta-tricalcium phosphate and poly L-lactide-co-glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone membrane in partial defects of canine humerus

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate and poly L-lactide-co-glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone (TCP/PLGC) membrane in the repair of partial bone defects in canine proximal humerus. Three adult mixed-breed dogs were used during the experimental period. The length of the defect was quarter of the full length of humerus, and width of the defect was quarter of middle diameter of the lateral aspect of humerus. The humeri of each dog were divided into treatment (TCP/PLGC) and control groups. The defect was covered with TCP/PLGC membrane in treatment group. To evaluate regeneration of the bone, computerized tomography (CT) and histopathologic examination were performed. The radiopaque lines were appeared at the original defect sites in TCP/PLGC group but below the original site in control at 4th week. Radiopacity and thickness of the defect sites, and radiopaque lines were more increased at 8th week than those of 4th week. Histopathologic findings revealed fibrous connective tissue migration into the defect and the migration inhibited the structure of new cortex to be placed in the original level in control whereas new cortex growth was found in the level of original line in TCP/PLGC group. However, the new cortical bone in the TCP/PLGC group was thinner and less organized than the adjacent intact cortex, and the amount of new cancellous bones were also scanty. The result suggested that TCP/PLGC membrane is a good guided bone regeneration material to restore the original morphology of humerus in partial defect.     

类黄酮在草甘膦诱导的苦荞膜脂过氧化中的作用

研究了草甘膦对苦荞类黄酮次生代谢的影响及类黄酮与草甘膦作用下膜脂过氧化伤害的关系，以探讨植物类黄酮代谢的意义及在草甘膦伤害中的作用机制。结果表明，分别用浓度为0．1、0．3、1mmoL／L的草甘膦处理苦荞幼苗，苦荞类黄酮代谢受到明显抑制，处理3天时类黄酮含量比对照分别下降58．1％、65．8％和76．5％。草甘膦处理导致苦荞膜脂过氧化加剧，0．1mmoL／L草甘膦处理使苦荞相对电导率增加275．4％、丙二醛（MDA）含量增加134．1％、超氧自由基O2^-产生速率增加121．7％，且随草甘膦浓度升高而增加幅度加大，说明草甘膦伤害与膜脂过氧化程度有关。0．3mmoL／L草甘膦处理后再用0．1mmoL／L类黄酮物质芦丁处理，电解质外渗下降34．2％，MDA含量下降51．1％，O2^-产生下降33．9％，明显减轻了草甘膦的伤害，这说明草甘膦作用下类黄酮含量的下降与草甘膦对苦荞组织伤害有一定的关系。     

轮纹病菌侵染对不同抗性苹果品种膜透性及防御酶的影响

对轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria berengriana f.sp.piricola侵染3个不同抗性苹果品种枝条后的细胞膜透性及防御酶系的变化进行了测定,以分析其与抗性的关系。结果表明,接种后38天内,3个品种电解质渗出率均有先升后降的趋势,鸡冠、国光和富士电解质渗出率变化的峰值分别为8.1%、12.2%和18.4%,抗病品种鸡冠的变化明显低于感病品种富士和国光。接种后35天内,苯丙氨酸解氨酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶也表现为先升后降的趋势,且抗病品种的峰值出现较晚。抗病品种鸡冠的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性变化峰值分别为234、50.88U·g-1FW·h-1和14.22U·g-1FW·min-1,高于国光和富士,而多酚氧化酶活性变化的峰值为37.78U·g-1FW·min-1,低于感病品种国光和富士。     

肉种鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白质量浓度双向选择的效应

以父母代肉种鸡为材料，以血浆极低密度脂蛋白（very low density lipoprotein，VLDL）质量浓度为选择指标建立肉鸡高脂系和低脂系，个体测定一世代高、低脂系母鸡产蛋性能、种蛋受精率、孵化率、二世代6周龄体质量，观察血浆VLDL质量浓度选择效应。结果显示，一世代低脂系比高脂系早开产6．7d，低脂系40周龄和54周龄产蛋量显著高于高脂系零世代，一世代低脂系种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率均优于高脂系；二世代高、低脂系6周龄体质量差异不显著。结果表明，对血浆VLDL质量浓度的低向选择使种鸡产蛋性能、种蛋受精率、孵化率产生了有益的间接反应，但对早期体质量没有影响。